One clause, and it is aimed with real precision:
Each time a ranged attack targets a Heretic Astartes unit from your army (excluding Damned units), if the Strength characteristic of that attack is greater than the Toughness characteristic of that unit, subtract 1 from the Wound roll.
Work through what that covers. Against Toughness 4 Legionaries it applies to essentially every anti-tank and heavy weapon in the game, and to a great many mid-strength ones too. Against a Toughness 9 or 10 vehicle it applies only to genuinely heavy guns, which are exactly the ones you were worried about.
It does not apply to melee, and it does not apply to attacks whose Strength is equal to or below your Toughness, so massed bolter and small-arms fire is unaffected. That is the honest shape of the detachment: it is very strong against a focused anti-armour list and does nothing at all against a horde with rifles.
Damned units are excluded, so a cultist screen gets no protection from the rule.