At the start of the battle round, you can select one of the bullet points below. If you do, until the start of the next battle round, that bullet point's effects apply. That opening paragraph is the wording Faction Pack v1.1 rewrites, so play the current version rather than a remembered one.
The two bullets:
- Each time an ADEPTUS CUSTODES model with the Martial Ka'tah ability makes a melee attack, a successful unmodified Hit roll of 5+ scores a Critical Hit.
- Improve the Armour Penetration characteristic by 1 for melee weapons equipped by ADEPTUS CUSTODES models with the Martial Ka'tah ability.
Here is the thing most write-ups miss. The first bullet is not a damage buff on its own. Critical Hits do nothing by themselves. What they do is trigger [SUSTAINED HITS] and [LETHAL HITS], and those are exactly what your army rule grants. So the 5+ Critical bullet takes whichever Ka'tah Stance you selected and moves its trigger from 6s to 5s.
Work that through. Rendax Stance gives melee weapons [LETHAL HITS], which normally converts an unmodified 6 into an automatic wound. Under this bullet it converts every 5 and 6, which is a third of your hits auto-wounding instead of a sixth. Dacatarai Stance gives [SUSTAINED HITS 1], and the same doubling applies to the extra attacks. That is a very large swing, and it is available for free, every battle round, on every model in your army with the ability.
The second bullet is the flat, reliable alternative. +1 Armour Penetration on every melee weapon is worth most against a target whose save you are already close to breaking, and it does not care what stance you pick.
So the decision at the start of each battle round is: am I fighting something where converting more hits into criticals matters, or something where I need to get through the save? Against a big blob with a poor save, take the Critical bullet and Dacatarai. Against Terminators or a vehicle, the Armour Penetration bullet is often the answer, and Rendax on the swing.
One scope note. Both bullets name models with the Martial Ka'tah ability, and Sisters of Silence do not have it. In a mixed list, your Anathema Psykana units are outside this rule entirely. That is not a problem, it just means their contribution is scoring and utility rather than buffed melee.