Take Blade of Ultramar when you play Ultramarines and want the Gladius style of play with sharper edges. Against Gladius Task Force, which is also 3 DP, the comparison is fairly clean: Gladius is unrestricted and every Chapter can field it; Blade of Ultramar is chapter-locked but its stratagems have doctrine-scaled upgrades built in and it offers Student of the Codex as a private, repeatable doctrine on one unit. If you own Calgar, the no-repeat exemption tips it further, because you can spend three Command phases in the doctrine your list actually wants.
The usual 3-DP caveat applies: it uses your entire budget at 2,000 points, so there is no 1-DP support detachment alongside it. If you would rather have two rules packages, take a 2-DP core such as Reclamation Force or Bastion Task Force and bolt on Librarius Conclave or Subversion Assets.
Sample gameplan: open in Devastator Doctrine, Advance your shooting units onto forward objectives, and cash in Exemplary Vigilance against anything hiding in cover. Switch to Assault Doctrine the turn your melee block commits, and stack Oath of Macragge with Courage and Honour! on the charge. Keep the Tactical Doctrine for a reactive turn, or skip it entirely by carrying Student of the Codex on the unit that needs it. Use Ultramarian Adaptivity when one unit needs a doctrine the army is not in, and hold Armour of Contempt and Tactical Foresight for the alpha strike.